I love sonnets. They are little and nifty and clever. When they are Donne’s, they are even Holy. Today I am doing the ho-hum job of scanning in all the academia I’ve done in the last 5 years so that I don’t have to hang on to the hard copies. It’s slow going. But I rediscovered an essay I wrote on Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet sequence, and I still like it very much (unlike my sophomore essays, which were, well, sophomoric. Also I was in denial about the fact that I was incorrigibly an English major – a new historicist perhaps, but still, an English major, not some kind of History and English hybrid.) Here is the introductory paragraph:
There is something about a sonnet sequence that invites you into a sophisticated number game. Certainly one reason is that the sonnet is one of the most tightly defined forms in English poetry, one most easily described in terms of numbers: a sonnet has fourteen lines, five feet per line, spanning itself out in iambic pentameter; a sonnet has two parts, before and after that mysterious thing, “the turn”. A sonnet most often has a rhyme scheme, which gives us yet another set of numbers that interlock along it; a sonnet is a little, intricate problem: thus we often find it addressing love, one of the most intractable of human experiences. Add to all this mathematical sophistication an additional superstructure – the sonnet sequence – and the possibilities multiply exponentially. Indeed, it is no coincidence that Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s most famous line which begins her most famous sonnet, the second-to-last (43rd) in her Sonnets from the Portuguese, is an explicit invitation to a number game:
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
What is the nature of this number game? What sort of sequence is it: what are the secret rules that govern whether we read it as 1, 2, 3 or 1, 4, 9? Is this a game where numbers supersede each other, where even alternates with odd? If there were a blank at the end of the sequence, what would be the answer? To understand the nature of this sequence, we must ask: why does it end the way it does?
We can begin with this last question, by examining the very end of the sequence. Let us look again at the famous number 43: the mathematical allusions do not stop with the first line; the very next lines places us onto Cartesian plane axes (x,y and z) –
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
Indeed, what is so remarkable about this immortal poem, quoted so often unconsciously by generations of lovers, is how there is not a single solid object in the whole thing. Her imagery is entirely abstract: we get depth and breadth and height, but nothing more tactile than that. And yet this poem comes across as anything but ungraspable – it is deeply intimate, and clearly it has resonated. Perhaps she has achieved this feat by referring movingly to experiences so universal they take the place of solid objects – “my old grief’s … my childhood’s faith….the breath, smiles, tears, of all my life!” It is never too abstract; it is sublime. I think it is, in itself, quite perfect. But remember: the Sonnets from the Portuguese is a sequence, a number game, and we need to ask why Barrett Browning, who probably knew the power of this sonnet and its wonderful potential as a summary coming after 43 other sonnets, placed it second-to-last rather than last. For the answer, we need to look at 44.
Ah, but I won’t bore you with 12 pages of an academic essay. Here is the whole poem – the rest of it is just as good as the first immortal line:
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of everyday’s
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love thee with a passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints, — I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life! — and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.
And here are my doodles on my favourite poems in Sonnets from the Portuguese:

















































